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Exposure Cube is a new concept that reimagines the traditional exposure triangle in photography by visualizing the relation between the three key elements: Shutter Speed, Aperture, and ISO, in the form of a 3D cube."
Simulation
Kartesius Display
Control
Shutter Speed [X]
Aperture [Y]
ISO [Z]
Ubah ketiga nilai pengaturan di atas untuk memunculkan gambar
Jika hanya satu atau dua pengaturan yang diubah, maka gambar tidak akan muncul
Result
Image Preview
Image Preview [4× zoom]
How to use
1
Atur
Pada bagian Tombol Kontrol
Klik tombol - dan + pada masing-masing kategori untuk mengubah nilai
Shutter Speed [X],
Aperture [Y], dan
ISO [Z]
In Control Button section
Click - and + button on each category to change the value of
Shutter Speed [X],
Aperture [Y], dan
ISO [Z]
2
Perhatikan Posisi Titik
Titik kuning adalah perpotongan antara ketiga sumbu, akan berpindah mengikuti kombinasi yang dipilih, merepresentasikan posisi 3D di dalam ruang exposure.
3
Foto di
Gambar, dan
Gambar [4x zoom]
akan muncul sebagai simulasi kombinasi dari ketiga elemen, menunjukkan efek nyata dari pergeseran tiap pengaturan yang dipilih.
Photos in
Image Preview, and
Image Preview [4x zoom]
will appear as a simulation of the three elements combination, shows the real effect of shifting each selected setting.
4
Silakan bereksperimen!
Coba berbagai macam kombinasi pengaturan untuk melihat efek yang ditimbulkan dari tiap naik dan turunnya nilai Shutter Speed, Aperture, and ISO. Semakin banyak yang kalian coba,semakin paham perubahannya
Complete Explanation
What is Exposure?
Exposure is the amount of light received by a surface, calculated as the product of illuminance (in lux) and the duration of exposure (in seconds).
In photography context, exposure is the amount of light (illuminance) that received by the camera sensor through the lens opening in the specific duration (time).
From this definition, we can take that there are two factors that determine exposure:
Illuminance: amount of light going through the lens opening.
Time: duration of the light entering the camera.
From these two factors, exposure can be expressed with this equation:
Exposurephysical = Illuminance × Time
It is important to remember that this exposure is a physical exposure or external exposure, meaning it is the external light captured by the camera.
Elements that Controls Illuminance and Time:
There are two elements that control the illuminance and duration/time of exposure that hits the camera sensor: Aperture and Shutter Speed.
Aperture: controls the illuminance. The value is measured from the area of the circular shaped lens opening.
Shutter Speed: controls the duration or time of exposure
Animated illustraion of how light go pass through the area of aperture during the shutter opening:
Another Element that Makes Exposure more Effective
There is the third element that determined the exposure to be more effective: ISO
ISO: controls the gain.
In analog camera, ISO controls the sensitivity of the film.
In digital camera, ISO controls the digital brightness of the image received by the sensor.
Mathematically, ISO is a unitless element, so it is just a index number as multiplier.
From the presence of ISO, the Exposure equation can be extended to be:
Exposurefinal = Exposurephysical × ISO
The final exposure is the product of physical exposure multiplied by the index of ISO.
ISO helps maintain image to have proper final exposure when external exposure is not enough to light up the scene.
Example of Proper Exposure:
Proper exposed
Right amount light captured by camera, balance between the aperture opening and shutter speed duration.
What happens when the exposure is not right? Here is the example:
Underexposed
Not enough light captured by camera.
Overexposed
Too much light captured by camera.
"Stop": A Way to Measure Changes of Exposure
In photography, the changes of exposure are measured in "Stop":
Stop: is the changes of exposure.
Increased Stop: 2 times amount of exposure.
Decreased Stop: 1/2 times amount of exposure.
More about how to calculate stop later, in Stop sub-section...
Side Effect of Aperture, Shutter Speed and ISO
Both aperture, shutter speed and ISO affect the image brightness, but each has its own effect:
Effect of aperture and shutter speed:
Aperture: affects the depth of field, it separates the foreground and background focus.
Shutter Speed: affects the motion, it determines wether the moving objects will be freeze or blurry.
ISO: affects the noise grain, it determines wether the images have less or more grain.
More about the effect of aperture, shutter speed and ISO later, in Aperture, Shutter Speed and ISO sub-section...
Aperture
Aperture is the size of the camera lens opening, determined by the diameter of the opening which controls the amount of light enters the camera to the sensor, affecting the brightness of the photo and the depth of field.
Change of Aperture
Real form of aperture, changing from:
f/22: smallest, less light = darker, to
f/2.0: widest, more light = brighter.
But, why number 22 is considered small, and 2.0 is wide? See the equation below to understand where the number come from:
f-number =
f = focal length of lens (in mm)
D = Diameter of the lens opening (in mm)
f-number = ratio between focal length and Diameter (unitless). The number result are the number we usually see:
2.0 2.8 4.0 5.6 8.0 11 16 22
So the aperture number that we usually see like the:
f/2.0 f/2.8 f/4.0 f/5.6
f/8.0 f/11 f/16 f/22
Are the size of the Diameter, after we modified the equation to be like this:
D =
From the equation, we can see that is in the bottom position, it means:
f-number = Denominator
Large number = smaller result (small aperture)
Small number = larger result (wide aperture)
How Aperture Affect the Brightness
Here are the example of how the changes of aperture affect the brightness:
Change of Aperture
Results
Here are the explanations:
Small Aperture
Less light received, resulting a darker image.
Aperture f/22 as an example.
Wide Aperture
More light received, resulting a brighter image.
Aperture f/2.8 as an example
Side Effect of Aperture (Depth of Field)
As mentioned before, aperture not only affect the brightness, but also affect the depth of field.
Here are the example and explanation how aperture affect the depth of field:
Change of Aperture
Results (Depth of Field)
*note: In order change Aperture to have different result of Depth of Field, other elements (Shutter Speed and ISO) need to be belanced. More about balancing the exposure later...
Small Aperture
Large Depth of Field
Aperture f/22 as an example
Foreground object (teapot) and background object (Minion & car) are in the smiliar focus range (everything is focused).
Wide Aperture
Shallow Depth of Field
Aperture f/2.8 as an example
Foreground object (teapot) and background object (Minion & car) have different focus range (focus is separated).
Conclusions of Aperture
From those equations and examples, then we can have a conlusion about the aperture sequence, the effect on brightness, and the effect on depth of field:
f/22
Exposure
Effect: Depth of Field
f/16
Exposure
Effect: Depth of Field
f/11
Exposure
Effect: Depth of Field
f/8.0
Exposure
Effect: Depth of Field
f/5.6
Exposure
Effect: Depth of Field
f/4.0
Exposure
Effect: Depth of Field
f/2.8
Exposure
Effect: Depth of Field
f/2.0
Exposure
Effect: Depth of Field
Scroll images left to right to see changes of aperture, exposure, and effect
keyboard_arrow_left
keyboard_arrow_right
Larger
Denominator
(f-number)
Smaller
Smaller
Aperture
Wider
Darker
Exposure
Brighter
Longer
Depth of Field
Shallower
Less Blur
More Focus
Background
More Blur
Less Focus
Shutter Speed
Shutter Speed (Coming Soon: in Development)
ISO
ISO (Coming Soon: in Development)
Stop
Stop (Coming Soon: in Development)
Notice
This project is still in constant development. You may find some error, or something that incompleted.
Images may load longer than expected, might be due to network connection, or server bandwidth.
The Aperture and ISO axis are not full with 10 variables due to camera limitations.
Some images might slightly over or under-exposed due to fluctuation of weather condition while shooting, but images can still give a general overview on the current selected settings.